Specifically, we proposed that economic collective threat might be associated with economic inequality intolerance and actions to challenge it because it is positively related to politicized collective identities (Simon & Klandermans, 2001 van Zomeren et al., 2008) (classical-working class identity-and emergent −99% identity-) and interdependent self-construal (Markus & Kitayama, 1991 Sánchez-Rodríguez, Willis, Jetten, & Rodríguez-Bailón, 2019). The aim of the current work was to analyse whether the collective economic threat linked to COVID-19 is related to social identities and self-construction which, in turn, could predict intolerance towards economic inequality and collective actions against it. As such, a common fate is crucial for both the emergence of shared identities (Drury, Brown, González, & Miranda, 2016 Simon & Klandermans, 2001), and the development of a more interdependent self-construal (Oishi & Komiya, 2017) to react to shared injustice (Drury & Reicher, 2000). Also, the perception of share grievances or perceived injustice can lead people to challenge it via protests (van Stekelenburg & Klandermans, 2013 van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2008). People tend to come together when facing a crisis (Bukowski, de Lemus, Rodríguez-Bailón, Willis, & Alburquerque, 2019 Fritsche et al., 2017 Hawdon & Ryan, 2011). Challenging this injustice mutual aid groups emerged in many countries around the world aiming to protect the community (Ntontis et al., 2021 Stevenson, Wakefield, Felsner, Drury, & Costa, 2021). This situation is a severe injustice that infringes the rights of the most vulnerable ones limiting their access to basic resources (Oxfam, 2022). For example, while the wealth of American billionaires has increased by 39%, lower classes, Latino and Black people, as well as transgender people have become increasingly vulnerable (., 2021). The effects of pandemics are not limited to health they also influence the world economy and cause an exacerbation of inequalities (Adams-Prassl, Boneva, Golin, & Rauh, 2020 Aspachs et al., 2021). Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. The results highlight that the collective economic threat can reinforce the sense of community-either through the activation of a politicized collective identity, such as the working class or the 99% or through the activation of an interdependent self-which in turn can trigger greater involvement in the fight against economic inequality. Results show that shared identity at two levels of politicization (i.e., working-class and 99% identities) and interdependent self-construal mediated the relationship between collective economic threat, intolerance towards economic inequality and collective actions to reduce it. We conducted three correlational studies during the pandemic in May–October 2020 (Study 1, N = 363 Study 2, N = 250 Study 3, N = 416). In this set of pre-registered studies, we analyse two possible mechanisms of coping with collective economic threats: shared social identity and interdependent self-construction. Still, the response to an impending economic crisis must be through the collective organization. During the COVID-19 pandemic, institutions encouraged social isolation and non-interaction with other people to prevent contagion.
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